In the present study, the mothers of only 32% of infants in the cohort received at least 2 doses during pregnancy. endorsement of these organizations or their programs by CDC or the U.S. Protection during both periods decreased as infants aged from 2 months to 6 months. However, protection estimates greater than 90% might be too high if individuals with a previous infection were more likely than those without one to come forward for a test for reasons other than suspicion of COVID-19. Acosta AM, Garg S, Pham H, et al. This activity was reviewed by CDC and conducted consistent with applicable federal law and CDC policy.. Schrag, S. J. et al. * Data are from a weighted sample of hospitalized nonpregnant adults with completed medical record abstractions and a discharge disposition. The researchers used the QCovid risk model to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for clinical risk factors. TN and NMF were responsible for visualisation. and JavaScript. A and B, Markers indicate estimates, with vertical lines indicating 95% CIs. Data among adults over 50 showed that a booster shot gave even stronger protection. We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content and ads. Wkly. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the articles Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. Accessed March 10, 2022. and statistical significance was assessed at two-sided p0.05. Selected counties in California, Colorado, Connecticut, Georgia, Iowa, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, New Mexico, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Tennessee, and Utah (https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6915e3.htm). Relative to the Delta-predominant period, the proportion of cases in non-Hispanic Asian or Pacific Islanders also increased, whereas the proportion in all other racial and ethnic groups decreased. Saving Lives, Protecting People, https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#variant-proportions, https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/covid-data/covid-net/purpose-methods.html, https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6915e3.htm, https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/bridged_race.htm, https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.27.21262356v1, https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/70/wr/mm7050e2.htm, https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2114255, https://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.08.27.21262356v1, https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.11.22269045v1, https://data.cdc.gov/Vaccinations/COVID-19-Vaccination-Demographics-in-the-United-St/km4m-vcsb, https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/stay-up-to-date.html, https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.30479, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, American Indian or Alaska Native, non-Hispanic, Psychiatric admission requiring medical care. RESP-NET: COVID-19 Associated Hospitalization Rates among Adults Ages 65 Years and Older CDC's Respiratory Virus Hospitalization Surveillance Network (RESP-NET) shows that overall weekly rates of COVID-19-associated hospitalizations have declined for all age groups from a peak in December 2022. Among the infants in the cohort, 19,418 (64.06%) of the mothers were unvaccinated during pregnancy, 1138 (3.75%) of the mothers received one dose of an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine and 9755 (32.18%) received 2 doses during pregnancy (Table1). Association of COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy with incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in infants. COVID-19 vaccine surveillance report: week 6. volume14, Articlenumber:894 (2023) With wave after wave of SARS-CoV-2 variants, COVID-19 patients filled the worlds' hospitals and morgues because not everybody had access to vaccines or were willing to be vaccinated. U.S. regulators had authorized the Pfizer/BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine for children aged 5 to 11 years in October, prior to the Omicron surge. Evan J. Anderson reports grants from Pfizer, Merck, PaxVax, Micron, Sanofi-Pasteur, Janssen, MedImmune, and GlaxoSmithKline; personal fees from Pfizer, Medscape, Kentucky Bioprocessing, Inc., Sanofi-Pasteur, and Janssen, outside the submitted work; and institutional funding from the National Institutes of Health to conduct clinical trials of Moderna and Janssen COVID-19 vaccines. Rates are calculated using the CDC National Center for Health Statistics vintage 2020 bridged-race postcensal population estimates for the counties included in surveillance. Dagan, N. et al. Table 2. Cookies used to enable you to share pages and content that you find interesting on CDC.gov through third party social networking and other websites. * Adults who completed a primary vaccination series were defined as those who had received the second dose of a 2-dose primary vaccination series or a single dose of a 1-dose product 14 days before a positive SARS-CoV-2 test associated with their hospitalization but received no booster dose. Pfizer and BioNTech Submit for U.S. Emergency Use Authorization of However, these Omicron impacts have been mostly observed in countries with high vaccination rates in the Region: the comparatively lower rate of hospitalizations and deaths so far is in large part thanks to vaccination, particularly of vulnerable groups. In King County, Wash., which includes Seattle, unvaccinated people were 13 times more likely to be hospitalized for coronavirus since December than people who were fully vaccinated. Maternal SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and infant protection against SARS-CoV-2 during the first six months of life. Like influenza and Tdap vaccines15,16, data suggest that vaccination during pregnancy may protect infants who are not old enough to be vaccinated against COVID-19. 45 C.F.R. The results were published yesterday in JAMA Network Open. Omicron Is Not More Severe for Children, Despite Rising But the charts are in line with data from the UK Health Safety Agency, which found that protection from a third dose of Pfizer or Moderna vaccine against hospitalization with Omicron was about 89%, waning slightly to 83% at 10 weeks, Insider's Catherine Schuster Bruce reported. Effectiveness of BNT162b2 vaccination during pregnancy in preventing hospitalization for SARS-CoV-2 in infants. Durability of anti-spike antibodies in infants after maternal COVID-19 vaccination or natural infection. Article Mothers were classified as either having had 2 doses or one dose of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines during pregnancy (and completed more than 14 days prior to delivery) or not having had any COVID-19 vaccines prior to delivery. Shook, L. L. et al. wrote the initial manuscript. 552a; 44 U.S.C. Hospitalization rates during peak Omicron circulation (January 2022) among unvaccinated adults remained 12 times the rates among vaccinated adults who received booster or additional doses and four times the rates among adults who received a primary series, but no booster or additional dose. Only 16% of children between the ages of 5 and 11 are fully vaccinated, and that number climbs to just over 50% of adolescents between ages 12 and 17, according to CDC data . Vaccine 31, 31043109 (2013). But those countries have high vaccination rates, and there, too, Omicron has spread most quickly among younger adults. Chi-square tests were used to compare differences between the Delta- and Omicron-predominant periods; p-values <0.05 were considered statistically significant. Defined as one or more of the following: chronic lung disease including asthma, chronic metabolic disease including diabetes mellitus, blood disorder/hemoglobinopathy, cardiovascular disease, neurologic disorder, immunocompromising condition, renal disease, gastrointestinal/liver disease, rheumatologic/autoimmune/inflammatory condition, obesity, feeding tube dependency, and wheelchair dependency. If you find something abusive or that does not comply with our terms or guidelines please flag it as inappropriate. The remaining authors declare no competing interests. Initial hospital data from England and Denmark also suggest Omicron cases are less severe. Open 5, e2233273 (2022). Fully-vaccinated in this chart meant one dose of the J&J vaccine or two doses of Pfizer or Moderna. Delahoy MJ, Whitaker M, OHalloran A, et al. We further classified vaccination status by the trimester within which the second dose or the unique dose (for those who received only one dose) was received. In the TND, we estimated that during the Delta predominant period, maternal vaccination with at least doses reduced the infants risk of testing SARS-CoV-2 positive by 95% (95% CI:76, 99) during the first 2 months of life, 70% (95% CI: 52, 82) during the first 4 months of life, and 61% (95% CI: 42, 74) during the first 6 months of life (Supplemental Table2). 20, 15225 (2016). We examined the effectiveness of maternal vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 infection in 30,311 infants born at Kaiser Permanente Northern California from December 15, 2020, to May 31, 2022. Viruses | Free Full-Text | SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence among Canadian As with previous variants, being vaccinated greatly protects you from severe disease with omicron. N. Engl. Adults whose vaccination status had not yet been verified using the immunization information system data were considered to have unknown vaccination status and were included in total proportions but not stratified by vaccination status. Blakeway, H. et al. To ensure stability and reliability of rates by vaccination status, data are presented beginning 14 days after at least 5% of the age group-specific population of the COVID-NET surveillance catchment area has received an additional or booster dose. Our primary cohort analysis used calendar days as the underlying scale to ensure that we compared infants of vaccinated and unvaccinated mothers on the same calendar days because vaccination status during pregnancy and risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection varied over the study period. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2021;70:108893. Buchan, S. A. et al. Vaccine effectiveness of cell-culture relative to egg-based inactivated influenza vaccine during the 2017-18 influenza season. 3501 et seq. Iuliano AD, Brunkard JM, Boehmer TK, et al. From Jan 1 to Mar 16, 2022, when Omicron was predominant, 4,781 (0.02%) of 19,473,570 booster recipients died of COVID-19, and 58,020 (0.3%) died of other causes. Hobbs, C. V. et al. We did not assess whether vaccines received before pregnancy or immediately after pregnancy were associated with a reduced risk of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 in infants. We observed a similar pattern in vaccine effectiveness by trimester during the Omicron dominant period, however, estimates of vaccine effectiveness by trimester were imprecise and much lower than during the Delta period (Table3). All adults should stay up to date with COVID-19 vaccination to reduce their risk for COVID-19associated hospitalization. As a result, the number of total hospitalizations exceeds the sum of unvaccinated adults, adults who received a primary series without a booster or additional dose, and adults who received a primary series with a booster or additional dose. The rate among adults who received a primary series, but no booster or additional dose, was three times the rate among adults who received a booster or additional dose. Sarah J. TN, NMF, WH, and SA wrote the software. In the first study, a team led by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) researchers analyzed data on 192,509 hospitalizations from more than 250 hospitals in 13 states participating in the COVID-19Associated Hospitalization Surveillance Network from Jan 1, 2021, to Apr 30, 2022. Libby Reeg reports grants from the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services during the conduct of the study. The TND is designed to better control for bias related to health care-seeking behavior31,32. The results were unchanged when no adjustments for covariates were made (Supplemental Table3). E. & Klein, N. P. Effectiveness of vaccination during pregnancy to prevent infant pertussis. The study setting was Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC), an integrated healthcare delivery organization that provides comprehensive healthcare to ~4.4 million members as of 2019. J. Abbreviations: COVID-NET = COVID-19Associated Hospitalization Surveillance Network; ICU=intensive care unit; IMV=invasive mechanical ventilation; LTCF=long-term care facility; NA = not applicable. During the Omicron-predominant period, peak hospitalization rates among non-Hispanic Black (Black) adults were nearly four times the rate of non-Hispanic White (White) adults and was the highest rate observed among any racial and ethnic group during the pandemic. On the bias of estimates of influenza vaccine effectiveness from test-negative studies. Google Scholar. Clinical trends among U.S. adults hospitalized with COVID-19, March to December 2020: a cross-sectional study. 26 Among those fully vaccinated individuals 5 years of age who are booster eligible, only 49% have received a . You will be subject to the destination website's privacy policy when you follow the link. Risk was especially high for people with severe combined immunodeficiency (HR, 6.2). Study finds Omicron hospital risk 10 times higher in unvaccinated Abbreviation: COVID-NET = COVID-19Associated Hospitalization Surveillance Network. Dis. Still, even with a smaller percentage of people getting severely ill during the Omicron wave, a large number of cases over a short time can lead to a spike in people being hospitalized or admitted . Ann Intern Med 2021;174:140919. Another explanation is the presence of a high COVID-19 vaccination rate among studied individuals (more than two-thirds), which is supported by the finding that the majority of patients had been infected with SARS-CoV-2 prior to undergoing vaccination. CDC study finds shorter hospital stays during omicron wave, even as COVID-19 incidence and death rates among unvaccinated and fully vaccinated adults with and without booster doses during periods of Delta and Omicron variant emergence25 U.S. Jurisdictions, April 4December 25, 2021. MB), Help with Omicron up to 70% less likely to need hospital care - BBC News Maternal vaccination and risk of hospitalization for Covid-19 among infants. Foo, D., Sarna, M., Pereira, G., Moore, H. C. & Regan, A. K. Longitudinal, population-based cohort study of prenatal influenza vaccination and influenza infection in childhood. These persons are excluded from the proportions of race/ethnicity but are included in other analyses. pdf files, Omicron: fewer adverse outcomes come with new dangers, Statement on offensive historical content, Redistribute or republish the final article, Reuse portions or extracts from the article in other works. The success of Covid-19 vaccines against omicron: Vaccinated up to five Rep. 71, 429436 (2022). These results suggest that in addition to providing protection against testing positive, vaccination during pregnancy also provides protection against hospitalization (severe disease) in infants during their first 6 months of life as previously reported recently18,19. Characteristics and maternal and birth outcomes of hospitalized pregnant women with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19COVID-NET, 13 states, March 1August 22, 2020. Corresponding author: Christopher A. Taylor, iyq3@cdc.gov. Correspondence to Article N. Engl. SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccination rates in pregnant women in Scotland, Effectiveness of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in pregnancy, Effectiveness of a third BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy: a national observational study in Israel, Covid-19 vaccination programme effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 related infections, hospital admissions and deaths in the Apulia region of Italy: a one-year retrospective cohort study, Post-vaccination outcomes in association with four COVID-19 vaccines in the Kingdom of Bahrain, Effectiveness and protection duration of Covid-19 vaccines and previous infection against any SARS-CoV-2 infection in young adults, The indirect effect of mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccination on healthcare workers unvaccinated household members, SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccination in pregnancy, Duration of mRNA vaccine protection against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 subvariants in Qatar, https://downloads.aap.org/AAP/PDF/AAP%20and%20CHA%20-%20Children%20and%20COVID-19%20State%20Data%20Report%209.29.22%20FINAL.pdf?_ga=2.255000394.335550773.1665001859-370326403.1636740765, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2022.09.059, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. COVID-19 hospitalization rates per 100,000 population by age and vaccination status, January 05 to February 01, 2023 Age group Age-specific rate per 100,000 among unvaccinated individuals Age-specific rate per 100,000 among those who received at least one booster dose Likelihood of unvaccinated individuals being hospitalized with Nursing home residents have been disproportionately affected by COVID-19; older age, comorbidities, and the congregate nature of nursing homes place residents at higher risk for infection and severe COVID-19-associated outcomes . 386, 15321546 (2022). as well as other partner offers and accept our. Secondarily, we used a Test-Negative Design (TND), which is a case-control study, to compare the odds of vaccination among mothers of infants who tested positive vs. the odds of vaccination among mothers of infants who tested negative. CDC twenty four seven. Surveillance officers abstracted data on sampled patients from medical charts. We did not have genotyping data to confirm the variant that infected infants who tested positive and instead relied on state data regarding circulating strain predominance in the Northern California region. Klein, N. P. et al. Rep. 71, 2630 (2022). 139, e20164091 (2017). Kharbanda, E. O. et al. We were not able to evaluate more detailed measures of relative clinical severity in hospitalised patients (such as intensive care unit admittance), but our finding that estimated severity reductions comparing omicron with delta are larger for more severe endpoints (death and hospital admission versus hospital attendance) agrees with observations that the proportion of hospitalised COVID-19 patients requiring intensive care or mechanical ventilation (or both) has been substantially lower during the omicron wave in England than the preceding delta wave. Taken together, these findings suggest that the increased risk for hospitalization among Black adults during the Omicron-predominant period might also be due, in part, to lower proportions of Black adults receiving both the primary vaccination series and booster doses. On 13 December, Denmark released data showing that hospitalization rates for people infected with Omicron seemed to be on a par with those for people infected with other variants. Implementing strategies that result in the equitable receipt of COVID-19 vaccinations, though building vaccine confidence, raising awareness of the benefits of vaccination, and removing barriers to vaccination access among persons with disproportionately higher hospitalizations rates from COVID-19, including Black adults, is an urgent public health priority. Cite this article. Monthly incidence is based on SARS-CoV-2 positive test result date or, if not known, hospital admission date. The mean age at pregnancy onset was 31.62 years (standard deviation of 4.66 years). #FridayNight | #FridayNight | By Citizen TV Kenya | Facebook | Good If you do not allow these cookies we will not know when you have visited our site, and will not be able to monitor its performance. During Omicron predominance, children aged <6 months accounted for 44% of hospitalizations among children ages 04 years3. T.R. The average age of participants was 60.8 years, and 92.0% were White. Effectiveness of Covid-19 vaccines in ambulatory and inpatient care settings. Razzaghi, H. et al. ***** An additional 172 (3.4%, 95% CI=2.7%4.2%) adults were partially vaccinated, 69 (0.9%, 95% CI=0.61.2) received a primary vaccination series <14 days before a positive for SARS-CoV-2 test result, and 186 (4.1%) had unknown vaccination status; these groups are not further described in this analysis. According to the CDC, hospitalization rates among the unvaccinated were 16 times higher in December overall. ICU admission status was missing in 1.3% (weighted) of hospitalizations; these hospitalizations are included in other analyses. During the study period, home testing became more prevalent. The proportion of hospitalized Black adults who received a primary COVID-19 vaccination series with or without a booster or additional dose increased from 4.7% and 14.9%, respectively, during the Delta-predominant period to 14.8% and 25.5%, respectively, during the Omicron-predominant period; Hispanic adults experienced smaller increases. Nature Communications (Nat Commun) ISSN 2041-1723 (online). All rights Reserved. Overall, the study results support recommendations for vaccination during pregnancy to protect both mothers and their infants. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7112e2. Effectiveness of BNT162b2 Vaccine against Omicron Variant in South Omicron cases are exploding. Scientists still don't know how bad the Although the study was unable to directly estimate VE against hospitalization due to the small number of hospitalized cases, it found that over the entire study period, the incidence rate of hospitalization during the first 6 months of life was much lower among the infants whose mothers were vaccinated during pregnancy compared with those whose mothers were not vaccinated. Severe cases may increase in the wake of holiday parties where people of all ages mixed. Ousseny Zerbo. Evaluation of the relative virulence of novel SARS-CoV-2 variants: a retrospective cohort study in Ontario, Canada. Vaccination status is not available for Iowa and cases from Iowa are excluded from analyses that examined vaccination status. The rate among adults who received a primary series, but no booster or additional dose (133.5), was three times the rate among adults who received a booster or additional dose (45.0). In conclusion, in this population-based cohort study, we found that infants born to mothers who received at least two doses of an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine during pregnancy were at lower risk of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 and were at lower risk of hospitalization during the first 6 months of life compared with infants whose mothers were unvaccinated during pregnancy. Informed consent was waived because this was a data-only study with no direct contact with participants. Am. Includes current treatment or recent diagnosis of an immunosuppressive condition or use of an immunosuppressive therapy during the preceding 12 months. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2020;69:134754. Late last year, as Omicron was spreading fast in the US, hospitalization rates per 100,000 rose sharply among unvaccinated adults, while rates in those who were fully vaccinated remained. Experts say they. Kids' low COVID-19 vaccination rates called a 'gut punch' COVID-19 hospitalizations look different in the Omicron wave, and J. Obstet. Second, vaccination status is subject to misclassification; this might affect estimation of rates by vaccination status. conducted all statistical analysis in collaboration with O.Z. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2022.09.059 (2022). Gretchen Rothrock, California Emerging Infections Program; Millen Tsegaye, Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment; Julie Plano, Connecticut Emerging Infections Program, Yale School of Public Health; Kyle Openo, Georgia Emerging Infections Program, Georgia Department of Public Health Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Emory University; Andy Weigel, Iowa Department of Health; Chloe Brown, Michigan Department of Health and Human Services; Erica Bye, Minnesota Department of Health; Wickliffe Omondi, New Mexico Emerging Infections Program, University of New Mexico; Alison Muse, New York State Department of Health; Christina Felsen, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry; Eli Shiltz, Ohio Department of Health; Nasreen Abdullah, Public Health Division, Oregon Health Authority; William Schaffner, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Melanie Crossland, Salt Lake County Health Department. Structural changes in the brain may explain the persistent fatigue and neuropsychiatric complications tied to long COVID. Pre-Omicron versions of Covid, in. American Academy of Pediatrics. In the US, as of the end of September 2022, almost 15 million children ages <18 years have tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Hospitalization Risk from Omicron 'Around a Third of Delta' - WebMD TN, NMF, SFlax, MC, DDA, AMP, and ST conceptualised the work. Johnson AG, Amin AB, Ali AR, et al. Although both approaches adjusted for the same confounding factors, the effectiveness estimates from the TND were higher than those from the cohort design, which is consistent with our previous analyses of influenza vaccine effectiveness in which we also observed that the TND tended to result in higher vaccine effectiveness estimates than did our cohort analyses30. Nature Communications thanks Annette Regan, Olof Stephansson and the other, anonymous, reviewer(s) for their contribution to the peer review of this work. Receipt of COVID-19 vaccine during pregnancy and preterm or small-for-gestational-age at birtheight integrated Health Care Organizations, United States, December 15, 2020-July 22, 2021. Infants were followed from birth until the first positive SARS-CoV-2 test by PCR at age 2, 4, or 6 months, with censoring due to death, health plan disenrollment, or end of follow-up (May 31, 2022). J. Med. Office of the Vice President for Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 2023 Regents of the University of Minnesota. COVID-19 vaccines have demonstrated both high efficacy in clinical trials and high real-world effectiveness, especially against the original and Delta variant of the virus6,7,8,9,10. Relative to the Delta-predominant period, a significantly shorter median length of hospital stay was observed during the Omicron-predominant period and smaller proportions of hospitalizations with intensive care unit admission, receipt of invasive mechanical ventilation, or in-hospital death. Introduction: A rapid increase in COVID-19 cases due to the spread of the Delta and Omicron variants in vaccinated populations has raised concerns about the hospitalization risk associated with, and the effectiveness of, COVID-19 vaccines. Google Scholar. Adults who completed a primary vaccination series were persons who had received the second dose of a 2-dose COVID-19 vaccination series or a single dose of a 1-dose product 14 days before a positive SARS-CoV-2 test associated with their hospitalization but received no booster or additional dose. Sect. Three recent epidemiological studies found that vaccination during pregnancy was associated with a reduced risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in infants during their first 4 months of life and a reduced risk of hospitalization during the first 5 months of life17,18,19. Hospitalization rates were 10.5 times higher in the unvaccinated and 2.5 times higher in vaccinated patients with no booster than in booster recipients. This correction ensures that there is always a reasonable denominator for the unvaccinated population that would prevent hospitalization rates from growing unrealistically large because of potential overestimates of vaccination coverage.