vapour pressure of diesel at 20 deg c vapour pressure of diesel at 20 deg c

Understanding pressure effects. Learn methods and guidelines for using stereolithography (SLA) 3D printed molds in the injection molding process to lower costs and lead time. So it doesn't matter if we put our liquid into a wide flask or a thin graduated cylinder - the vapor pressure remains the same. Dhring's rule states that a linear relationship exists between the . [citation needed], There are two basic types of flash point measurement: open cup and closed cup. EPA issued a direct final rule on August 17, 2015 (80 FR 49164) that relaxed the 7.8 psi federal RVP requirement in Mecklenburg and Gaston counties. CEN/TR 15138 Guide to Flash Point Testing and ISO TR 29662 Guidance for Flash Point Testing cover the key aspects of flash point testing. All liquids have a specific vapor pressure, which is a function of that liquid's temperature and is subject to Boyle's Law. Example 1. The pour point of a liquid refers to the minimum temperature that liquid will pour or flow. Vapor Pressure, also known as bubble point pressure and accurate vapor pressure, is the pressure where the primary bubble of vapor is shaped at a given temperature. It is also used to characterize the fire hazards of fuels. We empower you to efficiently solve each new challenge and make your life better and easier. Close this window and log in. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". Crisp, A.J., Bhalla, A.K. Birmingham, Alabama; A key component to understanding the impact of system pressure on liquid measurement is equilibrium vapour pressure (P e).The equilibrium vapour pressure of a liquid is the pressure exerted by the liquid vapour, at a given temperature, which is required to keep the liquid from changing state. You'll find the definition, five different vapor pressure formulas, and details about the most often-used one - Antoine equation. JavaScript appears to be disabled on this computer. Its odour threshold is 5 p.p.m. 20800. Contact Dermatitis 34(5): 309-315, 1996. As vapor pressure increases, the concentration of vapor of a flammable or combustible liquid in the air increases. See if you can locate an MSDS sheet for the actual material in question- they quite often show that on there, and saves you wondering whether "essentially" is close enough. An official website of the United States government. EPA published a final rule on June 7, 2017 (82FR 26354) that relaxed the 7.8 psi federal RVP standard in Davidson, Rutherford, Sumner, Williamson, and Wilson Counties. EPA issued a final rule on September 20, 2019 (84 FR 49470) that that relaxed the 7.8 psi federal RVP standard in Cherokee, Clayton, Cobb, Coweta, DeKalb, Douglas, Fayette, Forsyth, Fulton, Gwinnett, Henry, Paulding, and Rockdale, Georgia. These rules reduce gasoline emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOC) that are a major contributor to ground-level ozone (smog). If you're unsure what vapor pressure is, keep scrolling. What elements are needed by the body in small amounts? Diesel is suitable for use in a compression-ignition engine. Figures 7.1-13b, 7.1-14b, 7.1-15 and 7.1-16 provide equations for calculating the vapor pressure of crude oil and . Temperature. That rule was effective on October 21, 2019. As of November 23, 2018, no parishes in Louisiana are subject to the 7.8 psi federal volatility standard. Other examples can be given but enough has been said to support the view that the diesel concentration in the calculation is sufficient to be harmful. *Eng-Tips's functionality depends on members receiving e-mail. The auto-cascade refrigeration cycle is a good alternative. Closed cup testers normally give lower values for the flash point than open cup (typically 510C or 918F lower) and are a better approximation to the temperature at which the vapour pressure reaches the lower flammable limit. The relative density of diesel should be between 31 and 40. In both these types, the cups are sealed with a lid through which the ignition source can be introduced. Already a member? Just type in the temperature, and the pressure will appear in no time - don't hesitate. and Hoffbrand, B.I. As temperature increases, vapor pressure increases. Whether you need to fix, build, create or learn, eHow gives you practical solutions to the problems life throws at you. The vapor pressure will be relatively low for substances with stronger intermolecular forces. The table below shows the comparison of the accuracies between different formulas for several temperatures from 0C0\ \degree\mathrm{C}0C - 100C100\ \degree\mathrm{C}100C range (32F32\ \degree\mathrm{F}32F - 212F212\ \degree\mathrm{F}212F). The final reported test results shall be computed by use of the following formula: (a) For light-duty vehicles and light duty trucks: Where: (1) Y WM = Weighted mass emissions of each pollutant, i.e., THC, CO, THCE, NMHC, NMHCE, CH 4, NO X, or CO 2, in grams per vehicle mile. As of June 7, 2017, no counties in Tennessee are subject to the 7.8 psi federal volatility standard. EPA published a final rule on December 20, 2018 (83 FR 65301) that removed Pennsylvanias rule that required the sale of 7.8 psi gasoline in Allegheny, Armstrong, Beaver, Butler, Fayette, Washington and Westmoreland Counties. That's the value I've got and I'm sticking to it. Use one of the popular approximations, e.g., Antoine formula. Hence, temperature determines the concentration of vapor of the flammable liquid in the air. 11659. These states include Maine, New York, Texas and Vermont. Pipelines, Piping and Fluid Mechanics engineering Forum, http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/ap42/index.html, Low-Volume Rapid Injection Molding With 3D Printed Molds, Industry Perspective: Education and Metal 3D Printing. Park). Diesel fuel flash points vary between 52 and 96C (126 and 205F). The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". The disadvantages of hydrostatic transmission, How to calculate superheat and subcooling, Turbo Direct Injection Club: Engine Manufacturers Association Recommended Guideline on Diesel Fuel, Diesel Fuels: Physical Properties of Diesel Fuels, U.S. Department of Energy: Alternative and Advanced Fuels, U.S. Department of Energy: Properties of Fuels. 90 - 100. Viscosity for diesel fuel at 40 degrees Celsius, or 40 degrees Celsius, should be between 2 to 4.4 * 10-5 ft^2/s. A designated volatility nonattainment area is an area that is designated as being nonattainment for the ozone National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) pursuant to a rulemaking under CAA section 107(d)(4)(A)(ii), and a designated volatility attainment area is an area not designated as being in nonattainment with the NAAQS for ozone. When comparing vapor pressures we need to be making comparisons at the same temperature. For example, air at sea level, and saturated with water vapor at 20 C, has partial pressures of about 2.3 kPa of water, 78 kPa of nitrogen, 21 kPa of oxygen and 0.9 kPa of argon, . 70 deg F = 0.0090. Reg. Standards for June 1to September 15 are maximum per-gallon standards for all regulated parties including retailers and wholesale purchaser-consumers, unless the state has an extended summer ozone season as part of the federally-approved SIP (e.g., Arizona, Eastern Texas). The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. Reg. Do you need underlay for laminate flooring on concrete? The Engine Manufacturers Association, with approval from the United States Department of Energy, put out a recommended guideline designed to define the limitations of key physical properties for diesel fuel in order to maintain its newly improved quality level. Login. Join your peers on the Internet's largest technical engineering professional community.It's easy to join and it's free. The fuel volatility regulations have been transferred from 40 CFR 80.27 to 40 CFR 1090.215. 303. The most well-known and established is the Antoine equation, but other methods also exist (and they perform better in typical conditions). Flash points of substances are measured according to standard test methods described and defined in a 1938 publication by T.L. The rule was effective on May 30, 2014. Jet fuel flash points also vary with the composition of the fuel. The composition (in the case of a mixture) also influences this stability pressure. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Therefore, as of July 5, 2019, the sale of gasoline with an RVP of 7.8 psi is no longer required in the Pittsburgh area (Allegheny, Armstrong, Beaver, Butler, Fayette, Washington and Westmoreland Counties). *Eng-Tips's functionality depends on members receiving e-mail. The density of petroleum diesel is about 0.85 kg/l about 1520% higher than the density of gasoline, which has a density of approximately 0.700.75 kg/l. When provided with an ignition source, fuel ignites or flashes at its flash point. 2 Defined as temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid equals the surrounding atmospheric pressure 3 Reid vapor pressure at 37.8C . Official websites use .gov Please click here to see any active alerts. As of January 25, 2018, these 11 parishes are no longer subject to the 7.8 psi federal volatility standard. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. Alcock, V.P. Explain Distinction between Free Radical Reaction and Polar Reaction. Caitlynn Lowe has been writing since 2006 and has been a contributing writer for Huntington University's "Mnemosyne" and "Huntingtonian." Second, gasoline is a mixture of hydrocarbons, so there is no fixed value of a TRUE VAPOUR PRESSURE (thats the name for a vapour pressure at differnt temperature). The substance with the highest boiling point will have the lowest vapor pressure. The vapor pressure of water is the point of equilibrium between the number of water molecules moving between the liquid phase and the gas phase in a closed container. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. We can cautiously compare diesel with n-dodecane in these terms as this has a vapor pressure of 0.3 mm Hg, a value typical of a diesel. As of April 12, 2021, no counties in Kansas are subject to the States 7.0 psi volatility requirement. This process takes the vapors normally emitted directly into the atmosphere when pumping gas and recycles them back into the fuel storage tanks, preventing them from polluting the air. (Includes part of Rocky Mtn. Thus at room temperature, the substance with the lowest boiling point will have the highest vapor pressure (easiest to get into the gas phase). The vapour pressure of diesel should be 0 kPa. Cookies are only used in the browser to improve user experience. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Diesel fuel has a flash point of 55 degrees Celsius, or 55 degrees Celsius. Nat. This ebook covers tips for creating and managing workflows, security best practices and protection of intellectual property, Cloud vs. on-premise software solutions, CAD file management, compliance, and more. We don't save this data. Additional detailed information on areas where federal RFG is required can be found on the Reformulated Gasoline webpage. Check out 10 similar chemical thermodynamics calculators , What is vapor pressure? As part of the effort to streamline and simplify the volatility regulations EPA has eliminated the state-by-state table that had been contained in 40 CFR 80.27. Determination of flash point by the Small Scale closed cup method is detailed in ASTM D3828 and D3278, EN ISO 3679 and 3680, and IP 523 and 524. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Volatility is the property of a liquid fuel that defines its evaporation characteristics. Vapor pressure is an important quality specification for gasoline. The relative density of fuel, sometimes called the API specific gravity, refers to the amount of fuel per unit. Some of our calculators and applications let you save application data to your local computer. What is the vapour pressure of diesel fuel? The vapor pressure of water calculator is a handy tool that can help in determining the vapor pressure of water and ice. Standards for June l to September 15 are maximum standards for all regulated parties including retailers and wholesale purchaser-consumers, unless the state has an extended summer ozone season as part of the federally-approved SIP (e.g., Arizona, Eastern Texas). Horrigan, Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly, 23, 309 (1984). Anyone know the vapor pressure of #1 diesel fuel at. http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/ap42/index.html, Low-Volume Rapid Injection Molding With 3D Printed Molds, Industry Perspective: Education and Metal 3D Printing. What is Melting Point of Formed Compound? Accelerated stability tests for the stability of diesel fuel under normal storage conditions, and unstable fuels darken and create gum residues. Click Here to join Eng-Tips and talk with other members! The measured value will vary with equipment and test protocol variations, including temperature ramp rate (in automated testers), time allowed for the sample to equilibrate, sample volume and whether the sample is stirred. 1That portion of Larimer County, CO that lies south of a line described as follows: Beginning at a point on Larimer Countys eastern boundary and Weld Countys western boundary intersected by 40 degrees, 42 minutes, and 47.1 seconds north latitude, proceed west to a point defined by the intersection of 40 degrees, 42 minutes, 47.1 seconds north latitude and 105 degrees, 29 minutes, and 40.0 seconds west longitude, thence proceed south on 105 degrees, 29 minutes, 40.0 seconds west longitude to the intersection with 40 degrees, 33 minutes and 17.4 seconds north latitude, thence proceed west on 40 degrees, 33 minutes, 17.4 seconds north latitude until this line intersects Larimer Countys western boundary and Grand Countys eastern boundary. 1 kPa = 103 Pa = 0.145 psi Sponsored Links Related Topics In addition to the Penskey-Martens flash point testers, other non-equilibrial testers include TAG and Abel, both of which are capable of cooling the sample below ambient for low flash point materials. By joining you are opting in to receive e-mail. EPA issued a final rule on September 1, 2015 (80 FR 52627) that removed the Georgia gasoline program that covered a 45-county Atlanta area from the States approved SIP. The flash point is sometimes confused with the autoignition temperature, the temperature that causes spontaneous ignition. The absolute vapour pressure of a liquid occurs at 37.8 degrees Celsius or 37.8 degrees Celsius. Examine how the principles of DfAM upend many of the long-standing rules around manufacturability - allowing engineers and designers to place a parts function at the center of their design considerations. RVP is an abbreviation for "Reid vapor pressure," a common measure of and generic term for gasoline volatility. EPA issued a final rule on May 22, 2014 (79 FR 29362) that relaxed the 7.8 psi federal RVP standard in Broward, Dade, Duval, Hillsborough, Palm Beach and Pinellas Counties in Florida. In chemistry, vapor pressure is the pressure that is exerted on the walls of a sealed container when a substance in it evaporates (converts to a gas). 8 What is the vapour pressure of cetane diesel? We have received your request and will respond promptly. See Air Quality Designations and Classifications; 56 Fed. 2D fuels are used in warmer weather and are sometimes mixed with 1D fuel to . In our calculator, you'll find implemented: Where vapor pressure is expressed in mmHg\mathrm{mmHg}mmHg and temperature in kelvin. The density of oil at 20 deg C and zero overpressure is calculated according to the formula. The temperature TTT is expressed in degrees Celsius and the vapor pressure PPP is in mmHg\mathrm{mmHg}mmHg. Before heading into the next section, be sure to master the conversions between the various pressure measurement units: our pressure conversion tool is a comprehensive guide to do so. Under ordinary circumstances, diesel fuel appears clear and remains free of water and other sediments. The boiling point at atmospheric pressure (14.7 psia, 1 bar absolute) for some common fluids and gases can be found from the . The calculation concerning the vapor pressure of diesel below: We first note that a p.p.m. The value of 530 p.p.m. As of January 22, 2018, Shelby County is no longer subject to the 7.8 psi federal volatility requirement. 56,694 (Nov. 6, 1991) (codified at 40 CFR part 81). It's a semi-empirical formula describing the association between vapor pressure and temperature. In response to the 1990 CAA Amendments, EPA amended the volatility regulations. Please read AddThis Privacy for more information. Itkin, M.K. The boundary information in the table in 40 CFR 1090.215(a)(2) was copied from the relevant designation tables in 40 CFR part 81. It is higher than the flash point, because at the flash point vapor may not be produced fast enough to sustain combustion. Fuel oil, [diesel], NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - The relative density of fuel, sometimes called the API specific gravity, refers to the amount of fuel per unit. Boiling point : 177 - 371 C (350 - 700 F) Flash point : 38 - 82 C (100 - 180 F) Auto-ignition temperature : > 260 C (500 F) Decomposition temperature : No data available Flammability (solid, gas) : No data available Vapor pressure : 1 mm Hg @ 20 C (68 F) Relative vapor density at 20 C : > 5 (Air = 1) Note that a closed container is required, as otherwise, the molecules in the gas phase will fly away. The water will condense if we raise the pressure and keep the temperature. For very low vapor pressures, errors can be much larger. Diesel fuel flash points vary between 52 and 96 C (126 and 205 F). The Reid vapour pressure measures the volatility of fuels. Diesel fuel reaches its accelerated stability at 15 mg/L. This calculator is one of the easiest to use, as you need to enter only one value, so you shouldn't have any problems with using it! The lubricity of diesel fuel under ideal conditions is 3100. Typical minimum values for automotive diesel fuels range from 38C in the USA to 56C in some European countries. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. A diesel-fueled engine has no ignition source (such as the spark plugs in a gasoline engine), so diesel fuel can have a high flash point, but must have a low autoignition temperature. The important thing to mention is the fact that the surface area of liquid/solid substance in contact with the gas doesn't affect the vapor pressure. Viscosity for diesel fuel at 40 degrees Celsius, or 40 degrees Celsius, should be between 2 to 4.4 * 10-5 ft^2/s. As you can notice, the Antoine equation is reasonably accurate for higher temperatures, but the low ones are calculated with quite a big error. Thanks. Fischer, T. and Bjarnason, B.: Sensitizing and irritant properties of 3 environmental classes of diesel oil and their indicator dyes. To ignite, the fuel must have a low flash point, but in order to avoid preignition caused by residual heat in a hot combustion chamber, the fuel must have a high autoignition temperature. The relative density of fuel, sometimes called the API specific gravity, refers to the amount of fuel per unit. If a fluid consist of more than one component (a solution), components with, At atmospheric pressure saturation temperature of. List of Vapor Pressure Values. By joining you are opting in to receive e-mail. All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details. P2 is the partial pressure of the liquid at T2. @20C : 2.0-8.0: 3.278: 3.953: 5.120: @30C : 2.5 min: 3.092: 3.859: 4.872 . The rule was effective on publication. Nashville (Middle Tennessee Area); Thank you for helping keep Eng-Tips Forums free from inappropriate posts.The Eng-Tips staff will check this out and take appropriate action. Type negative temperatures into the calculator and the vapor pressure will be determined according to Buck and Teten's formulas. What is the specific volume of the vapor (ml/g)? Depending on the state and month, gasoline RVP may not exceed 9.0 psi or 7.8 psi. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Sea Transport of Petroleum, Jansen and Hayes, Ainsley, South Shields 1938, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Use and Storage of Flammable & Combustible Liquids | Environmental Health and Safety | Iowa State University", "Standard Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland Open Cup Tester", "Fuels and Chemicals Autoignition Temperatures", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Flash_point&oldid=1133299867, This page was last edited on 13 January 2023, at 03:00. Her writing has also been in "Ictus" and "Struggle Creek: A Novel Story." The pressures are stated in mega-Pascals, where a Pascal is a Newton per square meter, and as a multiple of standard atmospheric pressure. If you want the actual vapor pressure enter the dewpoint: Yes, vapor pressure increases with temperature as the molecules receive more energy to escape from the liquid phase and transition to the gas phase. Water at 100 deg C will have a vapour pressure of 1 atm. See Air Quality Designations and Classifications for the 8-Hour Ozone National Ambient Air Quality Standards; Early Action Compact Areas With Deferred Effective Dates, 69 Fed. Air is compressed until it heats above the autoignition temperature of the fuel, which is then injected as a high-pressure spray, keeping the fuel-air mix within flammable limits. There are two factors that influence the vapor pressure: The higher the temperature is, the more molecules have enough energy to escape from the liquid or solid, which leads to higher vapor pressure values. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. 20F (approx.) In states that have received a waiver under Clean Air Act 211(c)(4)(C) to adopt a state fuel program, more stringent than federal requirements, into the federally-approved State Implementation Plan (SIP) the state fuel program may define a volatility level and compliance date for refiners and/or terminals different than the compliance date for retailers. Depending on the state and month, gasoline RVP was not to exceed 10.5 pounds per square inch (psi), 9.5 psi, or 9.0 psi. by Tim Brice and Todd Hall. That for cyclohexane is 300 p.p.m. What should the viscosity of diesel fuel be? Note 1) Diesel fuels are in USA broken up into 3 different classes: 1D, 2D and 4D. 7840. Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill, Greensboro, Winston-Salem, High Point and Charlotte, North Carolina; But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. Fuels under viscosity requirements often provide insufficient lubrication, while fuels above those requirements cause poor combustion. Approximate vapor pressure for temperatures in the range 20 oC - 25 oC (68 oF - 77 oF). A high ash content leads to plugging and injection system wear. The fuel is mixed with air within its flammable limits and heated by compression and subject to Boyle's Law above its flash point, then ignited by the spark plug. Ash content measures the amount of metal within diesel fuel. Enter a temperature or a dewpoint or both: Vapor Pressure. log 10 (P) = A (B / (T + C)) P = vapor pressure (bar) T = temperature (K) Temperature (K) A B C Reference Comment; 273.13 - 297.89: 4.23679: 1426.448-45.957: Besley and Bottomley, 1974: Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data. What is the vapour pressure of cetane diesel? * The vapor pressure of water is crucial for life forms on Earth, as its value is high enough to allow for the process of evaporation but low enough to also allow for the existence of liquid and solid water. It works for many substances, although you need to know the coefficients. K. Delimiter: Tab Space Comma (,) Semicolon (;) Accuracy: For many substances, vapor pressures are only poorly known; expect errors up to a few 10% of the vapor pressure value and up to approx. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. The vapor pressure of water is the pressure at which water vapor is in thermodynamic equilibrium with its condensed state. The flash point is an empirical measurement rather than a fundamental physical parameter. EPA has approved relaxation of the summer gasoline RVP standards for a number of states and areas, including: Grant Parish, Louisiana; EPA published a final rule on December 26, 2017 (82 FR 60886) that relaxed the 7.8 psi federal RVP requirement for the Louisiana parishes of Beauregard, Calcasieu, Jefferson, Lafayette, Lafourche, Orleans, Pointe Coupee, St. Bernard, St. Charles, St. James, and St. Mary. Lowe earned her Bachelor of Arts degree in English from Huntington University. The pour point for diesel fuel rests at 10 degrees Fahrenheit or -12 degrees Celsius. Discover how this hybrid manufacturing process enables on-demand mold fabrication to quickly produce small batches of thermoplastic parts. A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. Wow those are alot smaller then I would have thought. 200. EPA published a final rule on March 12, 2021 (86 FR 14000) that removed Kansas gasoline rule that applied to 2 counties in the Kansas portion of the Kansas City, KS-MO area from the approved SIP. I ran a simulation on a mixture and got the following: For a 10 pis RVP, the true VP was 5.2 psia at 20 C and 33 psia at 80C. No odour threshold appears to have been established for cetane. Discover how this hybrid manufacturing process enables on-demand mold fabrication to quickly produce small batches of thermoplastic parts. A greater, more compact density leads to increased fuel performance. [3] In open cup devices, the sample is contained in an open cup which is heated and, at intervals, a flame brought over the surface. Fischer, T. and Bjarnason, B.: Sensitizing and irritant properties of 3 environmental classes of diesel oil and their indicator dyes. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Density of oil. The TAG flash point tester adheres to ASTM D56 and has no stirrer, while the Abel flash point testers adheres to IP 170 and ISO 13736 and has a stirring motor so the sample is stirred during testing. Das, M. and Misra, M.P. This ebook covers tips for creating and managing workflows, security best practices and protection of intellectual property, Cloud vs. on-premise software solutions, CAD file management, compliance, and more. You can also try our temperature conversion tool for an easier mnemonic exercise! What is causing the plague in Thebes and how can it be fixed? Hence this is the pressure required for mercury to boil at 250C. That for cetane is less than 1 mm mercury, yet another plus for cetane. The flash point of a material is the "lowest liquid temperature at which, under certain standardized conditions, a liquid gives off vapours in a quantity such as to be capable of forming an ignitable vapour/air mixture". A lock (LockA locked padlock) or https:// means youve safely connected to the .gov website. Vapor pressure limits vary seasonally, with higher limits in the cold months and lower limits in the warm months. The absolute vapour pressure of a liquid occurs at 37.8 degrees Celsius or 37.8 degrees Celsius. The effective date of the rule was June 7, 2017. Is it Soluble in Water. and Lai, K.N. The boiling point is defined as the temperature at which the saturated vapor pressure of a liquid is equal to the surrounding atmospheric pressure. Give it a go! Already a Member? In order to relax the more stringent federal 7.8 psi RVP standard the state must submit a revision to the areas attainment demonstration or maintenance plan demonstrating timely attainment or continued attainment of the ozone NAAQS with the less stringent RVP standard in place and that the RVP relaxation complies with the anti-backsliding requirements in CAA section 110(l). Temperature and Vapor or Saturation Pressure for some common Fluids At atmospheric pressure saturation temperature of water : 100 oC (212 oF) ethyl alcohol : 78.5 oC (173 oF) Liquids - Vapor Pressure Approximate vapor pressure for temperatures in the range 20 oC - 25 oC (68 oF - 77 oF). The vapor pressure of water calculator found the pressure according to five formulas. Lubricity refers to a fluid's ability to minimise friction between two surfaces in motion with each other. The most often used is the Antoine equation (4.232kPa4.232\ \mathrm{kPa}4.232kPa), but the Buck formula (4.245kPa4.245\ \mathrm{kPa}4.245kPa) is usually the most accurate one for temperature ranges we typically look for.